What is the concept of nephrotic syndrome? : Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease seen in many children, characterized by inflammation and high protein in the urine, low protein in the blood, and high cholesterol.
This kidney disease can occur at any age, but it is mainly seen in children.
Patients with nephrotic syndrome may experience flares, improve with medication, reduce and discontinue medication, and then recur after a period of time with remission of the disease. As such, it is characteristic to discontinue and discontinue the drug continuously for years after the disease is controlled. It is a worrisome disease for the patient and his family as the disease sometimes persists for years even after the disease is brought under control after necessary treatment.
What is the concept of nephrotic syndrome?
Friends, in this article we will tell you in detail what is the concept of nephrotic syndrome? Kidney disease that causes swelling throughout the body. Swelling (hydration) occurs throughout the body; Congestion around the heart, lungs; Ascites occurs, the amount of fat in the blood increases and the amount of a protein called albumin decreases, and more than 5 grams of albumin is passed in the urine per day, this is called enurethritis. This set of symptoms is seen in various kidney diseases. The functional and structural unit of kidney is called nephron.
It consists of a network of capillaries from which impurities in the blood pass through the pharynx and are converted into urine in thin tubes. A bundle of capillaries is called a glomerulus. Nephrotic syndrome is observed in many primary glomerular diseases of the kidney, when the permeability of the glomerulus of the nephron is increased. The minimal change form of this syndrome is usually seen in young children.
Kidney damage can occur in the form of systemic lupus erythematosis, amyloidosis, and genetic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Alport’s syndrome, and sickle cell anemia. Various infections like hepatitis-B, leprosy, infective endocarditis and malaria; gold and mercury salts, chemicals and drugs such as penicillamine, captopril, heroin, cancers such as Hodgkin’s disease, lymphoma, lung cancer; Chronic allogeneic transplant and bee stings etc. lead to kidney disease. Due to all these diseases, kidney gets damaged due to which kidney fails. In addition to blood and urine tests for diagnosis, a biopsy of kidney tissue provides essential information about kidney disease and treatment.
What is the effect on the kidneys in nephrotic syndrome?
In simple language, it can be said that kidney acts as a filter in the body, through which unnecessary waste material and excess water are removed from the body through urine. In nephrotic syndrome, enlargement of the cystic ducts of the kidneys causes excess water and waste products to leak into the urine, leading to protein loss and inflammation. The patient’s swelling fluctuates according to the amount of protein in the urine. In nephrotic syndrome, the kidney’s ability to remove waste products is mostly intact, meaning that kidney damage is less likely.
What causes nephrotic syndrome?
No specific cause of nephrotic syndrome can be found. The disease is believed to be caused by some defect in the function of lymphocytes in the white blood cells (autoimmune disease). To believe that changes in diet or medication are to blame is wrong.
Minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis are the main causes of nephrotic syndrome in 90% of patients.
Usually 10% of patients have other problems in the body like infection, drugs, cancer, diabetes, SLE. (SLE-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) and amyloidosis can cause nephrotic syndrome.
Minimal Change Disease (MCD): What is the concept of nephrotic syndrome?
Among children, minimal change disease stands as the most prevalent cause of nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is the cause of minimal change disease in 90% of children under the age of 6 years. In nephrotic syndrome, if blood pressure is normal, there are no blood cells in the urine, the amount of creatinine in the blood and complement C-3 are normal, the cause is more likely to be minimal change disease. When nephrotic syndrome is caused by minimal change disease, treatment results are earlier and better.
Main symptoms of nephrotic syndrome: What is the concept of nephrotic syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome can occur at any age. But it is more common in children 2-8 years old. Generally this disease is found more in boys than in girls.
- The main symptoms of the onset of the disease are swelling on the face, under the eyelids. Many times it also happens that when there is burning sensation in the eyes, the patient first goes to the eye doctor.
- This swelling is more when the patient wakes up in the morning is a symptom of this disease. The swelling gradually subsides during the day and is less visible in the evening.
- When the disease is more serious, complaints of flatulence, less urine, swelling of the whole body, weight gain, etc. are seen.
- Many children get swollen after a cold or fever.
- In this disease, most of the patients do not have any other problem other than swelling.
- Many times, due to foam in the urine, there is a complaint of dirty stain at the place of urination.
- Symptoms like red urine, shortness of breath or increased blood pressure are not seen in this disease.
What serious complications can occur in nephrotic syndrome?
Serious complications other than inflammation include peritonitis and venous thrombosis.
Corticosteroids are beneficial in treating minimally invasive disease in children. Cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil are also used when needed. Older patients have more severe kidney disease. And hence the above mentioned medicines do not work. They are fed a low salt, high protein diet (beans, skim milk, eggs, meat). Swelling (oedema) can be reduced with diuretics. Sometimes albumin is given intravenously.
Conclusion
The occurrence of aponephric can be prevented by reducing the use of the chemicals and drugs mentioned above, which are harmful to the kidney, early treatment of diabetes and any infection in the body. There is currently an exciting research going on in different countries regarding the contribution of immunity in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Friends, in this article we have told you what is the concept of nephrotic syndrome? told about. Hope you have liked this post. Thank you.